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| | Background Aboriginal settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia about 40,000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession in the name of Great Britain. Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the British effort in World Wars I and II. In recent decades, Australia has transformed itself into an internationally competitive, advanced market economy. It boasted one of the OECD's fastest growing economies during the 1990s, a performance due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s. Long-term concerns include pollution, particularly depletion of the ozone layer, and management and conservation of coastal areas, especially the Great Barrier Reef. The People | Population | 20,434,176 (July 2007 est.) | | Age structure | 0-14 years: 19.3% (male 2,023,375/female 1,929,229)
15-64 years: 67.4% (male 6,945,068/female 6,831,653)
65 years and over: 13.2% (male 1,197,494/female 1,507,357) (2007 est.) | | Life expectancy at birth | total population: 80.62 years
male: 77.75 years
female: 83.63 years (2007 est.) | Population growth rate | 0.824% (2007 est.) | | Ethnic groups | White 92%, Asian 7%, Aboriginal and other 1% | | Religions | Catholic 26.4%, Anglican 20.5%, other Christian 20.5%, Buddhist 1.9%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 12.7%, none 15.3% (2001 Census) | | Population below poverty line | NA% | | People living with HIV/AIDS | 14,000 (2003 est.) | | HIV/AIDS - deaths | less than 200 (2003 est.) | | Mobile phones in use | 18.42 million (2005) | | Internet users | 15.3 million (2006) |
Data (Background & The People) provided by The World Factbook |
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